L’impatto ambientale dei biocarburanti: una revisione critica della letteratura

This paper presents a critical review of Life Cycle Assessment studies concerning biofuels, with the aim of assessing their environmental performance and exploring their role in the ecological transition of the transport sector. The review draws upon peer-reviewed literature published between 2009 and 2024, focusing on key methodological parameters such as feedstock types, system boundaries, functional units, allocation strategies, and the treatment of land use change. Particular attention is given to how different generations of biofuels are assessed in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, energy efficiency, and other environmental impact categories. In addition to mapping the diversity of LCA approaches, the review compares the environmental profiles of biofuels with those of other emerging technologies, such as battery electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell systems. The analysis aims to highlight methodological gaps, identify critical variables influencing LCA outcomes, and support a more informed and context-specific evaluation of sustainable transport options.